Explainable AI Models for Real-Time Decision Support Systems

Authors

  • Bhanu Priya Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Roorkee Institute of Technology, India Author
  • Pranita Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, IIMT University, Meerut, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0801016

Keywords:

Explainable AI (XAI), Decision Support Systems, Real-Time Analytics, Interpretable Machine Learning, Model Transparency, Human–AI Interaction, Predictive Modeling, Trustworthy AI

Abstract

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical component in modern real-time decision support systems, where transparency, trust, and accountability are essential. Traditional AI models, particularly deep learning techniques, often function as “black boxes,” making it difficult for users to understand how decisions are derived. This research paper explores the design, implementation, and evaluation of explainable AI models tailored for real-time decision support environments. The study focuses on integrating interpretable machine learning techniques, such as feature importance analysis, rule-based explanations, and model-agnostic explanation methods, into time-sensitive applications. It also examines the trade-off between model accuracy and interpretability in dynamic decision-making scenarios such as healthcare monitoring, financial risk assessment, and smart industrial systems. Furthermore, the paper proposes a hybrid explainable framework that combines high-performance predictive models with post-hoc explanation tools to ensure both efficiency and transparency. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach enhances user trust, improves decision quality, and enables faster human–AI collaboration without significantly compromising system performance. The findings highlight the importance of explainability as a foundational requirement for deploying AI-driven real-time decision support systems in critical domains.

References

[1]. Joshi, K., Joshi, N. K., Diwakar, M., Tripathi, A. N., & Gupta, H. (2019). Multi-focus image fusion using non-local mean filtering and stationary wavelet transform. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 344-350.

[2]. Pandey, N. K., Chaudhary, S., & Joshi, N. K. (2016, November). Resource allocation strategies used in cloud computing: A critical analysis. In 2016 2nd International Conference on Communication Control and Intelligent Systems (CCIS) (pp. 213-216). IEEE.

[3]. Joshi, K., Kirola, M., Chaudhary, S., Diwakar, M., & Joshi, N. K. (2019, March). Multi-focus image fusion using discrete wavelet transform method. In International conference on advances in engineering science management & technology (ICAESMT)-2019, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.

[4]. Pandey, N. K., Chaudhary, S., & Joshi, N. K. (2017). Extended multi queue job scheduling in cloud. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 15(11), 1-8.

[5]. Joshi, K., Joshi, N. K., Diwakar, M., Gupta, H., & Baloni, D. (2020, February). Cross bilateral filter based image fusion in transform domain. In 5th International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT-2019).

[6]. Harsh, O. K., & Joshi, N. K. (2008). Role of Technology on the Knowledge Management and Reuse. Communicated to Engineering Letters.

[7]. Pandey, N. K., & Joshi, N. K. (2018). Optimization of resource allocation strategy using modified PSO in cloud environment. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 16(3).

[8]. Bansal, Shonak, Sandeep Kumar, Arpit Jain, Vinita Rohilla, Krishna Prakash, Anupma Gupta, Tanweer Ali et al. "Design and TCAD analysis of few-layer graphene/ZnO nanowires heterojunction-based photodetector in UV spectral region." Scientific Reports 15, no. 1 (2025): 7762.

[9]. Jonnala, Naga Surekha, Renuka Chowdary Bheemana, Krishna Prakash, Shonak Bansal, Arpit Jain, Vaibhav Pandey, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, and K. S. Al-Mugren. "DSIA U-Net: deep shallow interaction with attention mechanism UNet for remote sensing satellite images." Scientific Reports 15, no. 1 (2025): 549.

[10]. Jain, Arpit, Ashok Kumar, Mahadev, Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary, and Saurabh Singh. "Trust‐Based Reliability Scheme for Secure Data Sharing with Internet of Vehicles Networks." Internet Technology Letters 8, no. 2 (2025): e70000.

[11]. Kumar, Manish, Sandeep Yadav, Arpit Jain, Anita Singh, and Keshav Gupta. "Smog restoration of an image using oblique gradient profile." In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3224, no. 1. AIP Publishing, 2025.

[12]. Mishra, V., Sharma, S., Jain, A., Gupta, K., & Jain, A. (2025, February). An exploration of clustering techniques for customer behaviour. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3224, No. 1). AIP Publishing.

[13]. Jain, Trang, Arpit Jain, Rakesh Kumar Dwivedi, and Rakhi Saxena. "AI-Inspired Algorithm for the Automated Recognition of the World’s Oldest Script “Brahmi”." SN Computer Science 6, no. 1 (2024): 33.

[14]. Gowroju, Swathi, Shilpa Choudhary, Arpit Jain, and R. Srilakshmi. "Classification of Moderate and Advanced Dementia Patients Using Gradient Boosting Machine Technique: Classification of Moderate and Advanced Dementia Patients." In Revolutionizing AI with Brain-Inspired Technology: Neuromorphic Computing, pp. 261-288. IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025.

[15]. Chakravarty, A., Jain, A., & Saxena, A. K. (2024, November). Deep Learning Approach to Sugarcane Disease Identification: From Image Analysis to Mobile Application. In 2024 4th International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS) (pp. 1696-1702). IEEE.

[16]. Goyal, Rohit, Krishan Kumar, Vivek Sharma, Rudramani Bhutia, Arpit Jain, and Munish Kumar. "Quantum-Inspired Optimization Algorithms for Scalable Machine Learning in Edge Computing." In 2024 4th International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS), pp. 1888-1892. IEEE, 2024.

[17]. Gupta, G. K., Jain, A., Sharma, K., Kumar, P. A., Gupta, S., & Agarwal, S. (2024, September). A Novel Hybrid Framework for Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing in Heterogeneous IoT-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks. In 2024 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I) (Vol. 7, pp. 1125-1129). IEEE.

[18]. Kumar, S., Sharma, K., Kumar, P. A., Jain, A., Bhagat, S. K., & Singh, P. (2024, September). An Improved Particle Swarm Approach for Energy-Aware Location-Aided Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. In 2024 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I) (Vol. 7, pp. 1119-1124). IEEE.

[19]. Srivastav, A., Agarwal, S., Jain, A., Tayal, S., Jain, S., & Sharma, K. (2024, September). Enhancing Blockchain Scalability: Innovative Solutions for Optimized Performance in Decentralized Networks. In 2024 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I) (Vol. 7, pp. 1088-1094). IEEE.

[20]. Bisht, G. S., Jain, A., Bansla, V., Sharma, K., Bhutia, R., & Kumar, V. (2024, September). Enhanced Keypoint-Based Approach for Identifying Copy-Move Forgery in Digital Images. In 2024 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I) (Vol. 7, pp. 1101-1106). IEEE.

[21]. Jain, A., Musunuri, A. S., Cheruku, S. R., Bhimanapati, V. B. R., Mahimkar, S., & Al-Farouni, M. H. (2024, August). Reinforcement Learning for Fake News Detection on Social Media with Blockchain Security. In 2024 4th International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Information Security (ICBCTIS) (pp. 320-325). IEEE.

[22]. Jain, A., Khatri, D. K., Ayyagiri, A., Mokkapati, C., Bhimanapati, V. B. R., & Alzubaidi, L. H. (2024, August). Secure and Scalable IoT Networks: Optimizing Blockchain and SDN for Smart Environments. In 2024 4th International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Information Security (ICBCTIS) (pp. 338-344). IEEE.

[23]. Agrawal, N. K., Priya, N., Sinha, P., Singh, P., Jain, A., & Kumar, M. (2024, May). Enhancing Data Aggregation Efficiency: Dynamic Energy-Aware Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks. In 2023 International Conference on Smart Devices (ICSD) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[24]. Agrawal, N. K., Sharma, V., Singh, P., Sachi, S., Jain, A., & Alam, M. M. (2024, May). Fog Restoration in Hazy Images using Deep Transfer Learning. In 2023 International Conference on Smart Devices (ICSD) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[25]. Sachi, S., Jain, J., Jain, A., Patel, U. K., Bhatnagar, A., & Jain, A. (2024, May). Hy_PSO: Hybrid Algorithm for Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. In 2023 International Conference on Smart Devices (ICSD) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

[26]. Kolli, R. K., Eeti, S., Mahimkar, S., Chintha, V., Goel, P., & Jain, A. (2024, August). Securing WSN-IOT with Firefly Algorithm and Machine Learning for Intrusion Detection System. In 2024 1st International Conference on Advanced Computing and Emerging Technologies (ACET) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

[27]. Kumar, V., Sen, C., Jain, A., Jain, A., & Sharma, A. (2024). Analysis of Business Intelligence in Healthcare Using Machine Learning. Optimized Predictive Models in Healthcare Using Machine Learning, 329-339.

[28]. Kumar, S., Ghai, D., Jain, A., Tripathi, S. L., & Rani, S. (Eds.). (2023). Multimodal Biometric and Machine Learning Technologies: Applications for Computer Vision. John Wiley & Sons.

[29]. Rao, K. B., Bhardwaj, Y., Rao, G. E., Gurrala, J., Jain, A., & Gupta, K. (2023, December). Early Lung Cancer Prediction by AI-Inspired Algorithm. In 2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON) (Vol. 10, pp. 1466-1469). IEEE.

[30]. Devi, S., Sharma, Y. K., Athithan, S., Sachi, S., Singh, A. K., & Jain, A. (2023, September). Implementation of ABC & WOA-Based Security Defense Mechanism for Distributed Denial of Service Attacks. In 2023 6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I) (Vol. 6, pp. 546-551). IEEE.

[31]. Singh, A. K., Jain, A., Sharma, Y. K., Athithan, S., & Sachi, S. (2023, September). Multi Objective Optimization Based Land Cover Classification Using NSGA-II. In 2023 6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I) (Vol. 6, pp. 552-556). IEEE.

[32]. Jain, A., Sharma, Y. K., Sachi, S., Athithan, S., & Singh, A. K. (2023, November). Fire Detection Using Image Processing Technique. In 2023 3rd International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS) (pp. 873-877). IEEE.

[33]. Pandya, D., Pathak, R., Kumar, V., Jain, A., Jain, A., & Mursleen, M. (2023, May). Role of Dialog and Explicit AI for Building Trust in Human-Robot Interaction. In 2023 International Conference on Disruptive Technologies (ICDT) (pp. 745-749). IEEE.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-23

How to Cite

Explainable AI Models for Real-Time Decision Support Systems. (2026). International Journal of Engineering & Extended Technologies Research (IJEETR), 8(1), 138-145. https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0801016