Hydrogen Bonding and Its Role in Supramolecular Chemistry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2021.0306002Keywords:
hydrogen bonding, supramolecular chemistry, self-assembly, hydrogen bond design principles, metalla-assemblies, liquid crystalline polymers, self-sorting networksAbstract
Hydrogen bonding, a cornerstone of supramolecular chemistry, provides essential directional noncovalent interactions that govern molecular recognition, self-assembly, and functionality in complex systems. This study explores the multifaceted role of hydrogen bonding in designing and stabilizing supramolecular architectures, from discrete macrocycles and metalla-assemblies to self-sorting networks and responsive liquid-crystalline polymers. Through an analysis of hydrogen bond design principles—such as electronegativity, steric and electrostatic modulation, π-conjugation, and cooperativity—this work highlights how subtle molecular features dictate bonding strength and geometry, enabling precise supramolecular behavior .
Reviewing key developments up to 2020, we discuss discrete metalla-assemblies where coordination chemistry synergizes with hydrogen bonding to produce cage-like architectures , as well as linear and macrocyclic hydrogen-bonded supramolecules, which rely on directionality and preorganization for assembly fidelity . Complex behaviors such as multi-component self-sorting networks are illustrated using hydrogen-bonding motifs that emulate biomimetic regulatory functions . In the domain of materials, the integration of hydrogen bonds into liquid crystalline polymers yields stimuli-responsive, self-healing, and recyclable functionalities .
We synthesize these insights into a cohesive methodology for designing supramolecular systems, underscore the advantages—tunability, reversibility, specificity—and limitations—sensitivity to environmental conditions, structural complexity—of hydrogen-bond-based assembly. The results and discussion examine case studies in catalysis, materials, and molecular recognition, followed by conclusions and future directions focusing on orthogonal interactions and adaptive supramolecular materials. This comprehensive review sets the stage for informed design of advanced supramolecular systems capitalizing on hydrogen bonding
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