Underwater Data Transmission Using Li-Fi Communication System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802137Keywords:
Li-Fi, Underwater Communication, Arduino, Optical Transmission, LED CommunicationAbstract
Underwater communication remains a significant challenge due to the high attenuation of radio frequency (RF) signals and the limitations of acoustic communication, such as low data rates and high latency. This project presents the design and implementation of an underwater data transmission system based on Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, which utilizes visible light as a medium for high-speed and secure data transfer in aquatic environments.
The proposed system consists of a transmitter and receiver unit built around Arduino microcontrollers. At the transmitting end, textual or audio data from a computer is processed and encoded into modulated optical signals using a laser source driven by a dedicated driver circuit. The intensity of the light is varied according to the input data, enabling efficient signal propagation through the water medium. At the receiving end, a photodiode or captures the transmitted optical signals and converts them into electrical signals. These signals are then decoded by the microcontroller to reconstruct the original data. The output is displayed in textual form on an LCD screen.
The system is evaluated based on parameters such as transmission distance, signal clarity, and environmental factors like water turbidity and light scattering. Experimental results demonstrate that Li-Fi-based communicationprovides a reliable and low-latency alternative for short-range underwater data transmission. Compared to traditional acoustic systems, the proposed method offers higher bandwidth and enhanced security due to its line-of-sight nature.
This work highlights the potential of Li-Fi technology in underwater applications such as marine research, environmental monitoring, offshore exploration, and defense communication systems. Future enhancements may include the integration of advanced modulation techniques, error correction algorithms, and improved optical components to increase transmission range and data rate.
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