Advanced Evaporation and Filtration Techniques for Reclaiming High – Purity Salts from Reactive Dying Wastewater
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802182Keywords:
Reactive dyeing, Salt recovery, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Membrane separation, ATFD, Pusher centrifuge, Effluent treatment, Textile wastewater, SustainableAbstract
Cotton reactive dyeing continues to rely heavily on the use of large quantities of soluble inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulphate to achieve optimum dyefibre fixation. Even with the emergence of low-salt dyeing technologies, commercial dyeing processes still generate effluents containing high total dissolved solids (TDS), accompanied by intense coloration and undesirable auxiliary chemicals. Discharge of such effluents poses significant environmental burdens, making recovery and reuse of salt a critical necessity for achieving sustainable Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems
Cotton reactive dyeing continues to rely heavily on the use of large quantities of soluble inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulphate to achieve optimum dyefibre fixation. Even with the emergence of low-salt dyeing technologies, commercial dyeing processes still generate effluents containing high total dissolved solids (TDS), accompanied by intense coloration and undesirable auxiliary chemicals. Discharge of such effluents poses significant environmental burdens, making recovery and reuse of salt a critical necessity for achieving sustainable Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems
The ATFD system also provides operational advantages such as single-pass evaporation, low operating pressure, minimal film thickness, and high turndown ratio. The study concludes that salt recovery and reuse not only support ZLD compliance but also reduce environmental load and carbon footprint by substantially decreasing the need for fresh salt. Further research is recommended to enhance purification efficiency for salts recovered via pusher centrifuge and other methods
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