Advanced Control Techniques for Wireless Power Transfer in Electric Vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802169Keywords:
Wireless Power Transmission, Resonant Inductive Coupling, Electricity without Wires, Energy Transfer, Microcontroller, Authentication System, Power Efficiency, Reduced Power Loss, Wireless Charging, Electromagnetic Induction, Sustainable Technology, Smart Energy System, Contactless Power.Abstract
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology enables efficient and contactless charging of electric vehicles, reducing dependence on conventional wired systems. This project presents the design and implementation of advanced control techniques to enhance the performance and efficiency of WPT systems based on resonant inductive coupling.
The proposed system incorporates a microcontroller-based control unit that applies closed-loop control, frequency tuning, and impedance matching to maintain optimal power transfer under varying conditions such as coil misalignment and load variations. These control strategies help minimize power losses, improve system stability, and ensure consistent energy delivery.
The developed system offers advantages such as increased efficiency, reduced maintenance, improved safety, and user convenience. This work contributes to the advancement of smart and sustainable charging solutions for electric vehicles, supporting the future of wireless and automated energy transfer technologies.
References
1. Kalwar, K.A.; Aamir, M.; Mekhilef, S. Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) for Electric Vehicle Charging—A Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 47, 462–475. [CrossRef] .
2. Pedder, D.A.G.; Brown, A.D.; Skinner, J.A. A Contactless Electrical Energy Transmission System. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 1999, 46, 23–30. [CrossRef] .
3. Aditya, K.; Williamson, S.S. Design Considerations for Loosely Coupled Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) System for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging-A Comprehensive Review. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Dearborn, MI, USA, 15–18 June 2014. [CrossRef] .
4. Wu, H.H.; Gilchrist, A.; Sealy, K.D.; Bronson, D. A High Efficiency 5 KW Inductive Charger for EVs Using Dual Side Control. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 2012, 8, 585–595. [CrossRef] .
5. Green, A.W.; Boys, J.T. 10 KHz Inductively Coupled Power Transfer-Concept and Control. In Proceedings of the 1994 Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable-Speed Drives, London, UK, 26–28 October 1994. [CrossRef] .
6. Covic, G.A.; Boys, J.T. Inductive Power Transfer. Proc. IEEE 2013, 101, 1276–1289. [CrossRef] .
7. Diekhans, T.; De Doncker, R.W. A Dual-Side Controlled Inductive Power Transfer System Optimized for Large Coupling Factor Variations and Partial Load. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2015, 30, 6320–6328. [CrossRef] .
8. Sun, K.; Niu, W. SPWM Inverter Control for Wireless Constant Current and Voltage Charging. World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14, 111. [CrossRef].
9. Kan, T.; Nguyen, T.D.; White, J.C.; Malhan, R.K.; Mi, C.C. A New Integration Method for an Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Using LCC Compensation Topology: Analysis and Design. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2017, 32, 1638–1650. [CrossRef].
10. Gbey, E.; Turkson, R.F.; Lee, S. A Bibliometric Survey of Research Output on Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles. World Electr.Veh. J. 2022, 13, 37. [CrossRef]
11. Takanashi, H.; Sato, Y.; Kaneko, Y.; Abe, S.; Yasuda, T. A Large Air Gap 3 KWWireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles.In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Raleigh, NC, USA, 15–20 September 2012.[CrossRef]
12. Chen, R.; Zheng, C.; Zahid, Z.U.; Faraci, E.; Yu, W.; Lai, J.S.; Senesky, M.; Anderson, D.; Lisi, G. Analysis and Parameters Optimization of a Contactless IPT System for EV Charger. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition-APEC 2014, FortWorth, TX, USA, 16–20 March 2014. [CrossRef]
13. Keeling, N.A.; Covic, G.A.; Boys, J.T. A Unity-Power-Factor IPT Pickup for High-Power Applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.2010, 57, 744–751. [CrossRef]
14. Yilmaz, M.; Krein, P.T. Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2013, 28, 2151–2169. [CrossRef]
15. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Stability Analysis of Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy Logic Controller Using State Space Techniques’- Taylor &Francis, Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol.39 (8), pp.780-793, May 2011. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2010.541746
16. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental verification and stability state space analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter’ - Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.63 (6), pp.365-372, Dec.2012. DOI: 10.2478/v10187-012-0054-2
17. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Performance Analysis of LCL-T Resonant Converter with Fuzzy/PID Using State Space Analysis’- Springer, Electrical Engineering, Vol.93 (3), pp.167-178, September 2011. DOI 10.1007/s00202-011-0203-9
18. S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“Solar System Integrated Smart Grid Utilizing Hybrid Coot-Genetic Algorithm Optimized ANN Controller” Iranian Journal Of Science And Technology-Transactions Of Electrical Engineering, DOI10.1007/s40998-025-00917-z,2025
19. S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“ Adaptive sliding mode control of multilevel grid-connected inverters using reinforcement learning for enhanced LVRT performance” Electric Power Systems Research 253 (2026) 112428, doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112428
20. S.Thirunavukkarasu, C. Nagarajan, 2024, “Performance Investigation on OCF and SCF study in BLDC machine using FTANN Controller," Journal of Electrical Engineering And Technology, Volume 20, pages 2675–2688, (2025), doi.org/10.1007/s42835-024-02126-w
21. C. Nagarajan, M.Madheswaran and D.Ramasubramanian- ‘Development of DSP based Robust Control Method for General Resonant Converter Topologies using Transfer Function Model’- Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica Journal , Vol.13 (2), pp.18-31,April-June.2013, DOI: 10.2478/aeei-2013-0025.
22. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘DSP Based Fuzzy Controller for Series Parallel Resonant converter’- Springer, Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 7(4), pp. 438-446, Dec.12. DOI 10.1007/s11460-012-0212-0.
23. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental Study and steady state stability analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy controller using State Space Analysis’- Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol.8 (3), pp.259-267, September 2012.
24. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran, “Analysis and Simulation of LCL Series Resonant Full Bridge Converter Using PWM Technique with Load Independent Operation” has been presented in ICTES’08, a IEEE / IET International Conference organized by M.G.R.University, Chennai.Vol.no.1, pp.190-195, Dec.2007
25. Suganthi Mullainathan, Ramesh Natarajan, “An SPSS and CNN modelling based quality assessment using ceramic materials and membrane filtration techniques”, Revista Materia (Rio J.) Vol. 30, 2025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0721
26. M Suganthi, N Ramesh, “Treatment of water using natural zeolite as membrane filter”, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp: 520-530,2022
27. 15. Qiu, C.; Chau, K.T.; Liu, C.; Chan, C.C. Overview ofWireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS27), Barcelona, Spain, 17–20 November 2013. [CrossRef]
28. 16. Zhao, J.; Cai, T.; Duan, S.; Feng, H.; Chen, C.; Zhang, X. A General Design Method of Primary Compensation Network for Dynamic WPT System Maintaining Stable Transmission Power. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2016, 31, 8343–8358. [CrossRef]
29. 17. Bi, Z.; Kan, T.; Mi, C.C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Keoleian, G.A. A Review of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles: Prospects to Enhance Sustainable Mobility. App. Energy 2016, 179, 413–425. [CrossRef]
30. 18. Tan, L.; Pan, S.; Huang, X.; Xu, C. System Optimization forWireless Power Transfer System with Double Transmitters. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE PELSWorkshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), Chongqing, China, 20–22May 2017.
31. [CrossRef]
32. 19. Madawala, U.K.; Thrimawithana, D.J. A Bidirectional Inductive Power Interface for Electric Vehicles in V2G Systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2011, 58, 4789–4796. [CrossRef]
33. 20. Lin, F.Y.; Zaheer, A.; Budhia, M.; Covic, G.A. Reducing Leakage Flux in IPT Systems by Modifying Pad Ferrite Structures. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 14–18 September 2014.[CrossRef].
34. Chiranjeevi, Y., Sugumar, R., & Tahir, S. (2024, November). Effective Classification of Ocular Disease Using Resnet-50 in Comparison with Squeezenet. In 2024 IEEE 9th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
35. Mathew, A. (2023). Cybercrime-as-a-service & AI-enabled threats. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 12(1), 28-31.
36. Kumar, S. A., & Anand, L. (2025). A Novel EEG-Based Deep Learning Framework for Enhancing Communication in Locked-In Syndrome Using P300 Speller and Attention Mechanisms. KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 19(11), 3841-3855.
