IoT Based Irrigation & Fertilizer Dispensing System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802185Keywords:
Smart Agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, Smart Irrigation, Fertilizer Automation, Precision FarmingAbstract
Agriculture in developing economies faces major challenges such as water scarcity, inefficient fertilizer utilization, and delayed identification of crop diseases. This paper presents an IoT-based Smart Irrigation and Fertilizer System using ESP32 that enables automated decision-making through real-time sensor data. Soil moisture sensors continuously monitor soil conditions and automatically control irrigation using a water pump. A color sensor is used to analyze leaf color variations for early detection of nutrient deficiency or plant disease, triggering a separate fertilizer pump only when required. The ESP32 microcontroller acts as the central unit, processing sensor data and communicating with a cloud platform via Wi-Fi for real-time monitoring and remote access. The proposed system improves resource utilization, reduces water and fertilizer wastage, and enhances crop productivity
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