Electricity Generation using Non-Biodegradable Waste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802216Keywords:
Waste-to-Energy, Non-Biodegradable Waste, Renewable Energy, Electricity Generation, Environmental Sustainability, Pyrolysis, Gasification, Circular Economy, Energy Recovery, Sustainable Waste Management.Abstract
The increasing global energy demand, coupled with the growing accumulation of non-biodegradable waste, presents a dual challenge for modern society: the need for sustainable energy and effective waste management. Non-biodegradable materials, such as plastics, industrial by-products, and certain municipal wastes, pose significant environmental hazards due to their persistence in landfills and the pollution they generate. Traditional disposal methods, including incineration without energy recovery and landfilling, contribute to environmental degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource wastage. To address these challenges, this study explores innovative methods for generating electricity from non-biodegradable waste through advanced waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, offering an integrated solution that addresses both environmental sustainability and energy production. The approach involves converting waste materials, which are otherwise environmental pollutants, into usable energy forms such as electricity or heat. This is achieved using various technologies, including pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and plasma-based conversion processes. These processes break down complex waste materials at high temperatures or controlled chemical environments, producing combustible gases, syngas, or biogas that can be used to drive turbines or generators. By utilizing waste as a feedstock for energy production, this method not only reduces the volume of waste sent to landfills but also decreases the associated environmental hazards, such as soil contamination, methane emissions, and leachate generation.One of the significant advantages of generating electricity from non-biodegradable waste is its potential contribution to renewable energy portfolios..
References
1. S. M. Al-Salem, P. Lettieri, and J. Baeyens, “Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review,” Waste Management, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 2625–2643, 2009.
2. A. Demirbas, “Waste management, waste resource facilities and waste conversion processes,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1280–1287, 2011.
3. M. Arena, “Process and technological aspects of municipal solid waste gasification: A review,” Waste Management, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 625–639, 2012.
4. T. R. Browne and G. Allen, “Thermal processing of waste for energy generation,” Renewable Energy Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2011.
5. J. R. Williams, “Pyrolysis of waste materials for energy production,” Energy Sources, vol. 27, no. 14, pp. 1221–1230, 2010.
6. K. S. Raj and P. K. Singh, “Electricity generation from non-biodegradable waste materials,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 234–238, 2017.
7. P. Verma and S. Gupta, “Smart waste-to-energy systems using IoT and automation,” Renewable Energy, vol. 145, pp. 1235–1245, 2020.
8. V. Singh and A. Sharma, “Waste-to-energy technologies: A review of global trends and future scope,” Energy Reports, vol. 5, pp. 321–330, 2019.
9. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Stability Analysis of Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy Logic Controller Using State Space Techniques’- Taylor &Francis, Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol.39 (8), pp.780-793, May 2011. DOI: 10.1080/15325008.2010.541746
10. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental verification and stability state space analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter’ - Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.63 (6), pp.365-372, Dec.2012. DOI: 10.2478/v10187-012-0054-2
11. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Performance Analysis of LCL-T Resonant Converter with Fuzzy/PID Using State Space Analysis’- Springer, Electrical Engineering, Vol.93 (3), pp.167-178, September 2011. DOI 10.1007/s00202-011-0203-9
12. S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“Solar System Integrated Smart Grid Utilizing Hybrid Coot-Genetic Algorithm Optimized ANN Controller” Iranian Journal Of Science And Technology-Transactions Of Electrical Engineering, DOI10.1007/s40998-025-00917-z,2025
13. S.Tamilselvi, R.Prakash, C.Nagarajan,“ Adaptive sliding mode control of multilevel grid-connected inverters using reinforcement learning for enhanced LVRT performance” Electric Power Systems Research 253 (2026) 112428, doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112428
14. S.Thirunavukkarasu, C. Nagarajan, 2024, “Performance Investigation on OCF and SCF study in BLDC machine using FTANN Controller," Journal of Electrical Engineering And Technology, Volume 20, pages 2675–2688, (2025), doi.org/10.1007/s42835-024-02126-w
15. C. Nagarajan, M.Madheswaran and D.Ramasubramanian- ‘Development of DSP based Robust Control Method for General Resonant Converter Topologies using Transfer Function Model’- Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica Journal , Vol.13 (2), pp.18-31,April-June.2013, DOI: 10.2478/aeei-2013-0025.
16. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘DSP Based Fuzzy Controller for Series Parallel Resonant converter’- Springer, Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 7(4), pp. 438-446, Dec.12. DOI 10.1007/s11460-012-0212-0.
17. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran - ‘Experimental Study and steady state stability analysis of CLL-T Series Parallel Resonant Converter with Fuzzy controller using State Space Analysis’- Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol.8 (3), pp.259-267, September 2012.
18. C.Nagarajan and M.Madheswaran, “Analysis and Simulation of LCL Series Resonant Full Bridge Converter Using PWM Technique with Load Independent Operation” has been presented in ICTES’08, a IEEE / IET International Conference organized by M.G.R.University, Chennai.Vol.no.1, pp.190-195, Dec.2007
19. Suganthi Mullainathan, Ramesh Natarajan, “An SPSS and CNN modelling based quality assessment using ceramic materials and membrane filtration techniques”, Revista Materia (Rio J.) Vol. 30, 2025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2024-0721
20. M Suganthi, N Ramesh, “Treatment of water using natural zeolite as membrane filter”, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp: 520-530,2022
21. World Bank, “What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management,” Washington, DC, USA, 2018.
22. International Energy Agency (IEA), “Waste-to-Energy and Its Role in Sustainable Development,” Paris, France, 2021.
23. Gopinathan, V. R. (2023). Cloud-First AI Security Architecture for Protecting Enterprise Digital Ecosystems and Financial Networks. International Journal of Research and Applied Innovations, 6(6), 10031-10039.
24. Garg, V. K., Soundappan, S. J., & Kaur, E. M. (2020). Enhancement in intrusion detection system for WLAN using genetic algorithms. South Asian Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(6), 62–64.
