Renewable Energy Integration in Microgrids: Challenges and Solutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2023.0502002Keywords:
Microgrids, Renewable Energy Integration, Energy Storage Systems, Intermittency, Distributed Generation Energy Management System, ModeAbstract
The global transition toward clean and sustainable energy systems has placed microgrids at the forefront of distributed energy infrastructure. Microgrids, as localized energy networks capable of operating independently or in conjunction with the main grid, are increasingly integrating renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines, and bioenergy. While these resources offer significant environmental and economic benefits, their variable and intermittent nature introduces a range of technical, operational, and economic challenges. This paper explores the key challenges associated with renewable energy integration in microgrids, including energy intermittency, load balancing, voltage/frequency stability, energy storage requirements, and control system complexities.
To address these challenges, a wide range of technological solutions have been developed, including advanced energy storage systems (ESS), demand response mechanisms, predictive analytics, and intelligent control architectures such as multi-agent systems and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven optimization. Additionally, hybrid energy systems, robust forecasting algorithms, and resilient microgrid designs have shown potential in enhancing the reliability and stability of microgrids with high RES penetration.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent literature, highlights current approaches to address integration challenges, and analyzes the effectiveness of various strategies. Using a mixed-methods approach, including case study analysis and simulation data, the study identifies practical pathways for improving the integration of renewable resources in both islanded and grid-connected microgrid configurations.
Our findings indicate that while technological advancements have significantly improved system performance and resilience, integrated planning, policy alignment, and investment in smart infrastructure remain essential. The discussion also highlights the role of hybrid architectures, real-time energy management systems (EMS), and regulatory frameworks in facilitating successful renewable integration.
This study concludes by identifying key areas for future research, including grid-forming inverters, peer-to-peer energy trading, and the use of blockchain and IoT for decentralized control and monitoring. These innovations are vital for realizing the full potential of renewable-powered microgrids.
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