Reconfigurable IoT Solution for Train Integrity and Monitoring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802267Keywords:
Arduino Uno, Relay, Ultrasonic Sensor, IOT Module, IOT Module – ESP 8266 – 12E (NODE MCU), LCD Display, Soil Moisture sensor, Temperature sensor, Power Supply UnitAbstract
This paper presents a Reconfigurable IoT Solution for Train Integrity and Monitoring, designed to provide real-time assessment of train operational and structural conditions. The system utilizes a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) deployed across train coaches to measure key parameters including vibration, temperature, humidity, and positional data. Sensor nodes communicate via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks for short-range intra-train data aggregation, and LoRa (Long Range) communication for transmitting aggregated data to the centralized control center over distances exceeding several kilometers. The network architecture is self-reconfigurable, dynamically rerouting data in the event of node failure or changing network topology, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring. Power management algorithms optimize sensor node energy consumption, extending operational lifetime without compromising data fidelity. Experimental simulations demonstrate that the proposed system achieves low latency, high-reliability monitoring of train integrity while minimizing communication overhead and energy usage. The architecture provides a scalable, robust, and energy-efficient solution suitable for continuous monitoring of rolling stock in demanding railway environments
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