5G and Beyond: Low-Latency Communication for Autonomous Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2023.0501002Keywords:
5G, Beyond 5G (B5G) / 6G, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), Autonomous Systems, Autonomous Vehicles, Edge ComputingAbstract
Next-generation mobile networks—specifically 5G and emerging “Beyond 5G” technologies like 6G— promise transformative improvements in both latency and reliability, critical for autonomous systems. This paper investigates the enabling features and performance enhancements of 5G and future‐B5G/6G in supporting ultra-low latency communications, particularly for autonomous vehicles, robotics, and industrial IoT applications. We begin by reviewing the foundational technologies—URLLC, massive MIMO, mmWave, network slicing, edge computing—and their roles in achieving sub-millisecond latency and ultra-high reliability (URLLC). Literature highlights show that 5G can reduce latency to around 1 ms, achieve reliability up to 99.999%, and deliver data rates near 10 Gbps, with 6G pushing these to new extremes, such as sub-millisecond switching, terahertz bands, and AI-driven intelligent surfaces
We then outline our research methodology, which draws on simulation and experimental results from studies on edge-augmented architectures, mm-wave CAV scenarios, TSN-5G integration, and real-world testbeds
Key findings include a latency reduction of up to 45% compared to 4G, throughput and reliability gains of up to 60% and improved energy efficiency via AI (e.g., 30% in EV systems) nano-ntp.com; simulation results showing mm-wave supports 13 ms latency for infotainment and safety thresholds well below 200 ms arXiv; TSN-5G synchronization accuracy in the nanosecond–microsecond range .
In discussion, we compare 5G-Advanced and speculative 6G capabilities—e.g., < 1 ms control-plane latency, processing delay down to 10 ns, 1 Tbps rates—highlighting gaps and infrastructure challenges MDPIIIETAWikipedia. We conclude with the outlook for integrating AI/ML, non-terrestrial networks, robust testbeds, and standardization (URLLC, TSN-5G) as future directions. This work underscores the critical role of low-latency communications in realizing safe, responsive autonomous systems.
References
1. D. Sharma et al., “Exploring the Next Frontier in Wireless Communication: 5G and Beyond for Enhanced Reliability and Low Latency in IoT and Autonomous Technologies,” Nanotechnology Perceptions, (open access) nano-ntp.com.
2. S. G. Pasha et al., “Next-Generation Wireless Communication: Exploring the Potential of 5G and Beyond in Enabling Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications for IoT and Autonomous Systems,” IJCNIS, 2024 ijcnis.org.
3. “A comprehensive systematic review of integration of time sensitive networking and 5G communication,” J. Systems Architecture, 2023 ScienceDirect.
4. H. Rahimi et al., “Design and Simulation of a Hybrid Architecture for Edge Computing in 5G and Beyond,” arXiv, 2020 arXiv.
5. S. M. Khan et al., “Feasibility of 5G mm-Wave Communication for Connected Autonomous Vehicles,” arXiv, 2018 arXiv.
6. “Autonomous vehicles in 5G and beyond: A survey,” Vehicular Communications, Elsevier, 2023 ScienceDirect.
7. Advanced Physical-Layer Technologies for Beyond 5G Wireless Communication Networks, Sensors, MDPI, 2021 MDPI.
8. “Meeting Industrial 5G Requirements for High Uplink Throughput and Low Control Latency in UGV Scenarios,” Applied Sciences, MDPI, date (simulated) MDPI.
9. Non-terrestrial network latency challenges and hybrid 5G architectures, Reddit discussion Reddit.
10. ITU-T Recommendation Y.3181: ML sandbox for future networks
