Automatic Tuberculosis Prediction with Chest X-Ray using Deep Learning

Authors

  • P.S.Padmashree, S.Pavithra, A.Priyadharshini, Dr. T. Ruba Department of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802400

Keywords:

Tuberculosis Detection, Chest X-ray Imaging, Deep Learning, Gated Attention U-Net, Medical Image Classification, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Image Segmentation

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide and remains a serious public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial to control the spread of this disease. Typically, TB diagnosis relies on laboratory tests like sputum analysis and manual review of chest X-ray images by radiologists. However, these methods can take time and may be limited by the number of trained medical professionals available. 

 

In recent years, deep learning techniques have made great strides in medical image analysis. This project suggests an automatic TB prediction system that uses chest X-ray images and deep learning models. The system employs g to analyze X-ray images and classify gated attention based 3D unet them as either TB-positive or normal. This approach aims to support healthcare workers by providing a fast, accurate, and automated diagnostic tool. By using deep learning and medical imaging, the system could enhance early detection and lessen the diagnostic burden in healthcare facilities. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves 99.96% accuracy, demonstrating better performance compared with previous methods and providing a reliable tool to assist in tuberculosis detection.

 

References

1. James Devasia, Hridayanand Goswami, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, and Subathra Adithan, “Deep learning classification of active tuberculosis lung zones wise manifestations using chest X-rays: a multilabel approach,” Scientific Reports, vol.

2. 13, 2023.

3. Chiu-Fan Chen, Chun-Hsiang Hsu, You-Cheng Jiang, et al., “A deep learningbased algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis detection in chest radiography,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, 2024.

4. S. Shastri, S. Kumar, and V. Mansotra, “A Novel Deep Learning Framework for the Detection of Tuberculosis using Chest X-ray Images,” International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 13–20, 2024.

5. Gunjan Siddharth, Ananya Ambekar, and Naveenkumar Jayakumar, “Enhanced CoAtNet based hybrid deep learning architecture for automated tuberculosis detection in human chest X-rays,” BMC Medical Imaging, vol. 25, 2025.

6. Neel Patel, Alexander Wong, and Ashkan Ebadi, “Empowering Tuberculosis Screening with Explainable SelfSupervised Deep Neural Networks,” arXiv preprint, 2024.

7. A. G. Yogi Pramana, Faiz Ihza Permana, Muhammad Fazil Maulana, and Dzikri Rahadian Fudholi, “Few-Shot Learning Approach on Tuberculosis Classification Based on Chest X-Ray Images,” arXiv preprint, 2024.

8. Daanish Hindustani, Sanober Hindustani, and Preston Nguyen, “Tackling Tuberculosis: A Comparative Dive into Machine Learning for Tuberculosis Detection,” arXiv preprint, 2025.

9. Saurabh Mittal, M. S. Gaur, and Vijay Laxmi, “Deep Learning Based System for Detection of Tuberculosis from Chest X-Ray Images,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 167, pp. 671–679, 2020.

10. S. Jaeger, S. Candemir, S. Antani, Y. X. J. Wang, P. X. Lu, and G. Thoma, “Two Public Chest X-Ray Datasets for Computer-Aided Screening of Pulmonary Tuberculosis,” Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 475–477, 2014.

11. Lakhani and B. Sundaram, “Deep Learning at Chest Radiography: Automated Classification of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Using Convolutional Neural Networks,” Radiology, vol. 284, no. 2, pp. 574–582, 2017.

12. S. Hwang, H. E. Kim, J. Jeong, and H. J. Kim, “A Novel Approach for Tuberculosis Screening Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,” Medical Image Analysis, vol. 36, pp. 27–38, 2017.

13. M. Pasa, V. Golkov, F. Pfeiffer, D. Cremers, and D. Pfeiffer, “Efficient Deep Network Architectures for Fast Chest X-Ray Tuberculosis Screening,” Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 61, pp. 95–104, 2019.

14. Y. Liu, Z. Zhang, and X. Cao, “Automatic Tuberculosis Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 179450–179460, 2019.

15. S. Rajaraman and S. K. Antani, “Modality-Specific Deep Learning Model for Tuberculosis Detection in Chest Radiographs,” IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2014–2024, 2020.

16. T. Rahman, M. E. Hossain, and M. A. Islam, “Tuberculosis Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Learning Techniques,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 80, pp. 11983–12002, 2021

17. Alex Mirugwe, Lillian Tamale, and Juwa Nyirenda, “Improving Tuberculosis Detection in Chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning and Deep Learning: Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures,” JMIRx Med, vol. 6, 2025.

18. Wei-Cheng Chiu, Shan-Yueh Chang, Chin Lin, Teng-Wei Chen, and Wen-Hui Fang, “Integrating AI with PCR for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Evaluating a Deep Learning Model for Chest X-Rays,” Bioengineering, vol. 12, no. 12, 2025.

19. Faisal Ahmed, “RepViT-CXR: A Channel Replication Strategy for Vision Transformers in Chest X-ray Tuberculosis and Pneumonia Classification,” arXiv preprint, 2025.

20. Neel Patel, Alexander Wong, and Ashkan Ebadi, “Empowering Tuberculosis Screening with Explainable Self-Supervised Deep Neural Networks,” arXiv preprint, 2024.

21. A. G. Yogi Pramana, Faiz Ihza Permana, Muhammad Fazil Maulana, and Dzikri Rahadian Fudholi, “Few-Shot Learning Approach on Tuberculosis Classification Based on Chest X-Ray Images,” arXiv preprint, 2024.

22. Gopinathan, V. R. (2024). Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Multi-Cloud Database Architectures for High Availability Applications. International Journal of Future Innovative Science and Technology (IJFIST), 7(4), 13148.

23. Chandra, S., Rengarajan, A., Sahoo, G. S., & Sharma, S. (2023, December). Identifying Neuronal Damage and Plasticity by Analyzing Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging. In International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning and Applications (pp. 433-438). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

24. Sugumar, R. (2025). Federated AI in Offline-First Mobile Health Architectures for Privacy-Preserving Clinical Intelligence. International Journal of Science, Research and Technology, 8(4), 14589-14600.

25. Murugeshwari, B., Rajalakshmi, S., & Sudharson, K. (2023). Hybrid Approach for Privacy Enhancement in Data Mining Using Arbitrariness and Perturbation. Computer Systems Science & Engineering, 44(3).

26. Pandey, V. K., Mishra, S., Rengarajan, A., Savita, & Roomi, M. M. (2024, March). Enhancing Weather Forecasting with Machine Learning Techniques. In International Conference on Renewable Power (pp. 147-156). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

27. Soundappan, S. J. (2025). Next Generation AI Enabled Holistic Cognitive Platform for Secure Cloud Network Intelligence Enterprise Systems and Digital Trust Optimization. International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Communication, 8(5), 11534-11542.

28. Mathew, A. (2022). Leveraging Big Data Analytics to Power AI and ML (Machine Learning) Automation. Educational Research (IJMCER), 4(5), 131-134.

29. Sugumar, R. (2024). AI-Augmented Quality Engineering for Performance Optimization and Test Orchestration in Distributed Systems. International Journal of Science, Research and Technology, 7(5), 12835-12846.

30. Akila, R. (2024). A deep reinforcement learning approach for optimizing inventory management in the agri-food supply chain. J. Electrical Systems, 20(4s), 2238-2247.

31. Mahendran, M., Anbazhagan, K., Pavithran, G., Nivas, A., & Pandey, S. D. (2022). Earthquake Damage Prediction using Machine Learning. Grenze International Journal of Engineering & Technology (GIJET), 8(1).

32. Gopinathan, V. R. (2025). Enterprise AI Frameworks for Financial Data Engineering Behavioural Analytics and Intelligent Cloud Solutions. International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering, Technology and Management (IJRPETM), 8(4), 12499-12506.

33. Kondalsamy, P., & Kaliappan, K. (2025). An Optimal Prediction of Leaf Disease Based on Hybrid Deep Learnings and Metaheuristic Technique. Traitement du Signal, 42(1), 363.

34. Deivendran, P., Babu, P. S., Malathi, G., Anbazhagan, K., & Kumar, R. S. (2023). Emotion Recognition for Challenged People Facial Appearance in Social using Neural Network. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.06842.

35. Sugumar, R. (2025). Unified AI Framework for Predictive Data Engineering and Real Time Prescription and Billing Systems. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Science and Information Technology (IJAESIT), 8(5), 17261.

36. Vekariya, V., Kumar, S., & Rengarajan, A. (2024). A distinctive and smart agricultural knowledge-based framework using ontology. In Sustainability in Digital Transformation Era: Driving Innovative & Growth (pp. 207-213). CRC Press.

37. Gopinathan, V. R. (2025). Software engineering practices for AI-driven systems: From development to deployment (MLOps perspective). International Journal of Science, Research and Technology, 8(1), 13493-13500.

38. Mathew, A. R. (2022). Threats and protection on E-sim: a prospective study. Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research, 8, 76-81.

39. Naveena, S., & Kavitha, K. (2025). Gossypium herbaceum: Folium disease identification and classification using Efficient Net-Coordinate Convolutional Neural Network (EcoNet). Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 152, 110701.

40. Rengarajan, A., Mishra, A., Kulhar, K. S., Shrivastava, V. P., & Alawneh, Y. J. J. (2024, March). Role of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Mitigating Cyber Security Issues: A Review. In International Conference on Renewable Power (pp. 37-48). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

41. Achari, A. P. S. K., & Sugumar, R. (2024, November). Performance analysis and determination of accuracy using machine learning techniques for naive bayes and random forest. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3193, No. 1, p. 020199). AIP Publishing LLC.

42. Mathew, A., & Alex, H. (2022). Detect & protect-medical device cybersecurity. Curr. Overview Sci. Technol. Res, 1, 60-68.

43. Sammy, F., Chettier, T., Boyina, V., Shingne, H., Saluja, K., Mali, M., ... & Shobana, A. (2025). Deep Learning-Driven Visual Analytics Framework for Next-Generation Environmental Monitoring. Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends, 114-122.

44. Anbazhagan, K. (2024). Trustworthy and Adaptive AI Systems for Enterprise Analytics Cybersecurity and Decision Optimization Using API-First and Cloud-Native Architectures. International Journal of Technology, Management and Humanities, 10(03), 65-74.

45. Mathew, A. (2021). Deep reinforcement learning for cybersecurity applications. Int J Comput Sci Mob Compu, 10(12), 32-38.

46. Dhinakaran, D. (2022). Joe Prathap P. M, Selvaraj D, Arul Kumar D and Murugeshwari B," Mining Privacy-Preserving Association Rules based on Parallel Processing in Cloud Computing,". International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 70(3), 284-294.

47. Karthika, K., Anusha, K., Kavitha, K., Harshadha, R., Dharshini, D. S., & Sundhar, N. A. (2025, April). Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna using Advanced Materials: A Study. In 2025 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

48. Thavamani, C., & Rengarajan, A. (2024). Clustering related behaviour of users by the use of partitioning and parallel transaction reduction algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, 29(2-3), 122-132.

49. Sugumar, R. (2025). Unified AI Framework for Predictive Data Engineering and Real Time Prescription and Billing Systems. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Science and Information Technology (IJAESIT), 8(5), 17261.

50. Soundappan, S. J., & Sugumar, R. (2016). Optimal knowledge extraction technique based on hybridisation of improved artificial bee colony algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm. International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining, 11(4), 338-356.

51. SakthiPreetha, A., Kavitha, K., Karthika, K., & Manohari, R. G. (2025, April). A Novel Metasurface-Embedded Antenna for WBAN Communications. In 2025 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

52. Murugeshwari, B., Selvaraj, D., Sudharson, K., & Radhika, S. (2023). Data Mining with Privacy Protection Using Precise Elliptical Curve Cryptography. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, 35(1).

53. Gopinathan, V. R. (2025). Software engineering practices for AI-driven systems: From development to deployment (MLOps perspective). International Journal of Science, Research and Technology, 8(1), 13493-13500.

54. Anbazhagan, K., Kumar, R., Thilagavathy, R., & Anuradha, D. (2024, March). Shortest Job First with Gateway-based Resource Management Strategy for Fog Enabled Cloud Computing. In 2024 4th International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Systems (ICDECS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

55. Kannadhasan, S., Vasuki, S., Kavitha, K., Karthikeyan, P., & Usha, S. G. A. (Eds.). (2025, April). Preface: Role of Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Engineering, Technology & Science [ICRAETS 2024]. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3258, No. 1, p. 010001). AIP Publishing LLC.

56. Dhinakaran, D., Prathap, P. J., Selvaraj, D., Kumar, D. A., & Murugeshwari, B. (2022). Mining privacy-preserving association rules based on parallel processing in cloud computing. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 70(3), 284-294.

Downloads

Published

2026-03-28

How to Cite

Automatic Tuberculosis Prediction with Chest X-Ray using Deep Learning. (2026). International Journal of Engineering & Extended Technologies Research (IJEETR), 8(2), 3943-3952. https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802400