Design And Development of Smart Cono Weeder using IoT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15662/IJEETR.2026.0802469Keywords:
IoT, Cono Weeder, Smart Agriculture, ESP32, Solar Energy, Precision Farming, Automation, Paddy Field Weeding, ESP32-CAM, Ultrasonic Sensor, Remote Monitoring, Web-Based Control SystemAbstract
Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy, and efficient weed management is essential for improving crop productivity in paddy cultivation. Traditional manual weeding methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and physically demanding for farmers working in waterlogged field conditions. To overcome these challenges, this project presents the design and development of an IoT-based Cono Weeder system integrated with solar power for smart and sustainable agricultural operations. The proposed system aims to automate the weeding process, reduce human effort, and improve operational efficiency through the use of modern embedded and communication technologies.
The system is built around the ESP32 microcontroller, which acts as the main control unit for wireless communication, motor control, sensor integration, and web server operation. A web-based control interface enables users to remotely operate the cono weeder using smartphones, tablets, or computers without requiring specialized software installation. The ESP32-CAM module provides real-time live video streaming, allowing farmers to monitor field conditions and navigate the system effectively from a remote location. This remote accessibility improves convenience and reduces the need for constant physical presence in the field.
To ensure safe and reliable operation, the system incorporates an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for automatic obstacle detection. When obstacles are detected within a predefined range, the system automatically stops movement to prevent equipment damage and improve safety. The cono weeder and grass cutter mechanisms are independently controlled, allowing flexible operation based on field requirements. The integration of solar energy through a solar panel and rechargeable battery system further enhances sustainability by reducing dependence on conventional power sources and minimizing operational costs.
The proposed system is designed using low-cost and easily available electronic components, making it affordable and practical for small and medium-scale farmers. In addition to improving weeding efficiency, the project demonstrates the application of IoT, automation, renewable energy, and embedded systems in precision agriculture. The platform is also scalable and can be extended in the future with additional sensors such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and crop health monitoring modules. Overall, the IoT-based Cono Weeder system provides an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and intelligent solution for modern smart farming applications.
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